Added content.

- Notes
- Practical
- Question Papers
- DISCLAIMER and motto file
Lastly, updated README file.

Practical/Assignment-2/IoT - Codes-2.py

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+"""
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: Understanding the connectivity of Raspberry-Pi / Arduino with IR sensor. Write an application to detect obstacle and notify user using LEDs.
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+"""
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+# SINGLE LED ON/OFF
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import time
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.OUT)
+try:
+  while True:
+      print(“LED ON”)
+      GPIO.output(16,GPIO.HIGH)
+      time.sleep(1)
+      print(“LED OFF”)
+      GPIO.output(16,GPIO.LOW)
+      time.sleep(1)
+except:
+  GPIO.cleanup()
+
+##########
+
+# TWO LEDs ON/OFF
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import time
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.OUT)
+GPIO.setup(26,GPIO.OUT)
+try:
+  while True:
+      print(“LED ON”)
+      GPIO.output(16,GPIO.HIGH)
+      GPIO.output(26,GPIO.HIGH)
+      time.sleep(1)
+      print(“LED OFF”)
+      GPIO.output(16,GPIO.LOW)
+      GPIO.output(26,GPIO.LOW)
+      time.sleep(1)
+except:
+  GPIO.cleanup()
+
+##########
+
+# BUZZER WITH ONE LED ON/OFF
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import time
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.OUT)
+GPIO.setup(26,GPIO.OUT)
+try:
+  while True:
+    print("LED Buzzer ON")
+    GPIO.output(16,GPIO.HIGH)
+    GPIO.output(26,GPIO.HIGH)
+    time.sleep(1)
+    print("LED & Buzzer OFF")
+    GPIO.output(16,GPIO.LOW)
+    GPIO.output(26,GPIO.LOW)
+    time.sleep(1)
+except:
+  GPIO.cleanup()
+
+##########
+# END OF CODE

Practical/Assignment-3/IoT - Code-3.py

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+"""
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B and 4B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: IR Sensor
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+"""
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import time
+
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.IN) # For IR sensor
+GPIO.setup(26,GPIO.OUT) # For LED
+
+try: 
+   while True:
+      if (GPIO.input(16)):
+          print("No object")
+          GPIO.output(26,GPIO.LOW) # LED OFF when no object detected
+      else:
+          print("Object Detected")
+          GPIO.output(26,GPIO.HIGH) # LED ON when object detected
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    GPIO.cleanup()
+# END OF CODE

Practical/Assignment-4/IoT - Code-4.py

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+"""
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B, 4B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: Temperature and humidity sensing using DHT11.
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+"""
+
+# NOTE: PLEASE REFER DHT11 repo by notkshitij for initialization: https://git.kska.io/notkshitij/DHT11/
+
+# This code will only work in the virtual environment
+# To enable the virtual environment, change current working directory using 'cd <DIR>'
+# Activate the virtual environment using 'source bin/activate'
+# Run this code 'python3 IoT\ -\ Code-4.py'
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+# NOTE: GPIO PIN 16 used
+
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import dht11
+import time
+
+# initialize GPIO
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False) # Set True if you are having trouble connecting the DHT11 sensor to Raspberry Pi. Doing so will show warnings on screen.
+
+try:
+  while True:
+    # read data using pin 16
+    instance = dht11.DHT11(pin = 16)
+    result = instance.read()
+
+    if result.is_valid():
+      print("Temperature: %-3.1f C" % result.temperature)
+      print("Humidity: %-3.1f %%" % result.humidity)
+    else:
+      print("Error: %d" % result.error_code)
+      # Error 1 implies sensor not detected, thus no data 
+      # Error 2 implies checksum error, data corrupted, i.e. GPIO connection might be lose
+    time.sleep(3)
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+  print("Program stopped by user.")
+  GPIO.cleanup()
+# END OF CODE

Practical/Assignment-5/IoT - Code-5.sh

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+: '
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B, 4B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: Picamera
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+'
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+
+# Run these command one by one manually in the terminal.
+# Image and video file will be saved in Desktop directory of the cuurent user.
+
+cd /home/$(whoami)/Desktop/ # Changing current working directory to Desktop
+raspicam-still -o test.jpg # Image
+libcamera-vid --codec h254 vid.h264
+
+# END OF CODE
+

Practical/Connections.md

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+# IoT Connections
+
+[Refer Raspberry Pi pinout diagram](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems/src/branch/main/Practical/Raspberry%20Pi%20%282+3+4+5%29%20GPIO%20Pinout.png)
+![Raspberry Pi PINOUT](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems/raw/branch/main/Practical/Raspberry%20Pi%20%282+3+4+5%29%20GPIO%20Pinout.png)
+
+## Assignment 2 - LEDs and Buzzer
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Long terminal in LED is always positive, short terminal is always negative.
+
+### Single LED
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+LED | GPIO 16 (PIN 36) | GROUND (PIN 34) | N/A
+
+
+### Two LEDs
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+LED 1 | GPIO 16 (PIN 36) | GROUND (PIN 34) | N/A
+LED 2 | GPIO 26 (PIN 37) | GROUND (PIN 39) | N/A
+
+### Buzzer with one LED
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+Buzzer | GPIO 16 (PIN 36) | GROUND (PIN 34) | N/A
+LED | GPIO 26 (PIN 37) | GROUND (PIN 39) | N/A
+
+## Assignment 3 - IR Sensor
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+IR Sensor | 5V power (PIN 2) | GROUND (PIN 34) | GPIO 16 (PIN 36)
+LED | GPIO 26 (PIN 37) | GROUND (PIN 39) | N/A
+
+## Assignment 4 - DHT11 (Temperature sensor)
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+DHT11 | 5V power (PIN 2) | GROUND (PIN 34) | GPIO 16 (PIN 36)
+
+## Assignment 5 - Camera
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+Picamera | N/A | N/A | CSI port
+
+## Water level
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+Water sensor | 5V power (PIN 2) | GROUND (PIN 34) | GPIO 16 (PIN 36)
+LED | GPIO 26 (PIN 37) | GROUND (PIN 39) | N/A
+
+---

Practical/Water-level.py

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+"""
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B, 4B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: Water level
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+"""
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO         # Import library
+
+# Initalize GPIO
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16, GPIO.IN)         # Set GPIO 16 as input for water level sensor signal
+GPIO.setup(26, GPIO.OUT)         # Set GPIO 6 as output for LED
+
+try:
+    while True:
+        if (GPIO.input(16))
+            GPIO.output(26, True)    # Turn ON LED if water detected
+        else
+            GPIO.output(26, False)   # Keep LED OFF if no water detected
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    GPIO.cleanup()
+    print("Program exited by user.")
+# END OF CODE