Added content.

- Notes
- Practical
- Question Papers
- DISCLAIMER and motto file
Lastly, updated README file.

DISCLAIMER.md

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+# DISCLAIMER
+
+Disclaimer for [InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems) repository under [sppu-te-comp-content](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content) organization.
+
+---
+
+- Please be advised that this repository ([InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems)), its organization ([sppu-te-comp-content](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content)), and all of its content are entirely independent and not associated to, and/or affiliated with SPPU (Savitrbai Phule Pune University, Pune) and/or any of its colleges, nor with [KSKA Git](https://git.kska.io). The materials provided within, including assignments from our contributors and notes from our professors, are solely for educational purposes and convenience.
+
+- KSKA Git serves merely as a platform for this content and does not imply any association and/or endorsement from SPPU or KSKA Git. It is important to recognize that the organization (sppu-te-comp-content) and all of its repositories in KSKA Git operates independently, and any references to educational institutions or platforms are purely for informational clarity.
+
+- Furthermore, it is emphasized that the content available within this repository remains meticulously curated to align with the latest 2019 SPPU syllabus for computer engineering. Our commitment to accuracy ensures that the materials provided reflect the current academic standards prescribed by SPPU, offering students a reliable resource to supplement their studies.
+
+---

Practical/Assignment-2/IoT - Codes-2.py

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+"""
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: Understanding the connectivity of Raspberry-Pi / Arduino with IR sensor. Write an application to detect obstacle and notify user using LEDs.
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+"""
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+# SINGLE LED ON/OFF
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import time
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.OUT)
+try:
+  while True:
+      print(“LED ON”)
+      GPIO.output(16,GPIO.HIGH)
+      time.sleep(1)
+      print(“LED OFF”)
+      GPIO.output(16,GPIO.LOW)
+      time.sleep(1)
+except:
+  GPIO.cleanup()
+
+##########
+
+# TWO LEDs ON/OFF
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import time
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.OUT)
+GPIO.setup(26,GPIO.OUT)
+try:
+  while True:
+      print(“LED ON”)
+      GPIO.output(16,GPIO.HIGH)
+      GPIO.output(26,GPIO.HIGH)
+      time.sleep(1)
+      print(“LED OFF”)
+      GPIO.output(16,GPIO.LOW)
+      GPIO.output(26,GPIO.LOW)
+      time.sleep(1)
+except:
+  GPIO.cleanup()
+
+##########
+
+# BUZZER WITH ONE LED ON/OFF
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import time
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.OUT)
+GPIO.setup(26,GPIO.OUT)
+try:
+  while True:
+    print("LED Buzzer ON")
+    GPIO.output(16,GPIO.HIGH)
+    GPIO.output(26,GPIO.HIGH)
+    time.sleep(1)
+    print("LED & Buzzer OFF")
+    GPIO.output(16,GPIO.LOW)
+    GPIO.output(26,GPIO.LOW)
+    time.sleep(1)
+except:
+  GPIO.cleanup()
+
+##########
+# END OF CODE

Practical/Assignment-3/IoT - Code-3.py

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+"""
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B and 4B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: IR Sensor
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+"""
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import time
+
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16,GPIO.IN) # For IR sensor
+GPIO.setup(26,GPIO.OUT) # For LED
+
+try: 
+   while True:
+      if (GPIO.input(16)):
+          print("No object")
+          GPIO.output(26,GPIO.LOW) # LED OFF when no object detected
+      else:
+          print("Object Detected")
+          GPIO.output(26,GPIO.HIGH) # LED ON when object detected
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    GPIO.cleanup()
+# END OF CODE

Practical/Assignment-4/IoT - Code-4.py

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+"""
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B, 4B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: Temperature and humidity sensing using DHT11.
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+"""
+
+# NOTE: PLEASE REFER DHT11 repo by notkshitij for initialization: https://git.kska.io/notkshitij/DHT11/
+
+# This code will only work in the virtual environment
+# To enable the virtual environment, change current working directory using 'cd <DIR>'
+# Activate the virtual environment using 'source bin/activate'
+# Run this code 'python3 IoT\ -\ Code-4.py'
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+# NOTE: GPIO PIN 16 used
+
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO
+import dht11
+import time
+
+# initialize GPIO
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False) # Set True if you are having trouble connecting the DHT11 sensor to Raspberry Pi. Doing so will show warnings on screen.
+
+try:
+  while True:
+    # read data using pin 16
+    instance = dht11.DHT11(pin = 16)
+    result = instance.read()
+
+    if result.is_valid():
+      print("Temperature: %-3.1f C" % result.temperature)
+      print("Humidity: %-3.1f %%" % result.humidity)
+    else:
+      print("Error: %d" % result.error_code)
+      # Error 1 implies sensor not detected, thus no data 
+      # Error 2 implies checksum error, data corrupted, i.e. GPIO connection might be lose
+    time.sleep(3)
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+  print("Program stopped by user.")
+  GPIO.cleanup()
+# END OF CODE

Practical/Assignment-5/IoT - Code-5.sh

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+: '
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B, 4B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: Picamera
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+'
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+
+# Run these command one by one manually in the terminal.
+# Image and video file will be saved in Desktop directory of the cuurent user.
+
+cd /home/$(whoami)/Desktop/ # Changing current working directory to Desktop
+raspicam-still -o test.jpg # Image
+libcamera-vid --codec h254 vid.h264
+
+# END OF CODE
+

Practical/Connections.md

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+# IoT Connections
+
+[Refer Raspberry Pi pinout diagram](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems/src/branch/main/Practical/Raspberry%20Pi%20%282+3+4+5%29%20GPIO%20Pinout.png)
+![Raspberry Pi PINOUT](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems/raw/branch/main/Practical/Raspberry%20Pi%20%282+3+4+5%29%20GPIO%20Pinout.png)
+
+## Assignment 2 - LEDs and Buzzer
+
+> [!IMPORTANT]
+> Long terminal in LED is always positive, short terminal is always negative.
+
+### Single LED
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+LED | GPIO 16 (PIN 36) | GROUND (PIN 34) | N/A
+
+
+### Two LEDs
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+LED 1 | GPIO 16 (PIN 36) | GROUND (PIN 34) | N/A
+LED 2 | GPIO 26 (PIN 37) | GROUND (PIN 39) | N/A
+
+### Buzzer with one LED
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+Buzzer | GPIO 16 (PIN 36) | GROUND (PIN 34) | N/A
+LED | GPIO 26 (PIN 37) | GROUND (PIN 39) | N/A
+
+## Assignment 3 - IR Sensor
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+IR Sensor | 5V power (PIN 2) | GROUND (PIN 34) | GPIO 16 (PIN 36)
+LED | GPIO 26 (PIN 37) | GROUND (PIN 39) | N/A
+
+## Assignment 4 - DHT11 (Temperature sensor)
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+DHT11 | 5V power (PIN 2) | GROUND (PIN 34) | GPIO 16 (PIN 36)
+
+## Assignment 5 - Camera
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+Picamera | N/A | N/A | CSI port
+
+## Water level
+
+**Device** | **Positive terminal** | **Negative terminal (Ground/GND)** | **Signal/Output**
+--- | --- | --- | ---
+Water sensor | 5V power (PIN 2) | GROUND (PIN 34) | GPIO 16 (PIN 36)
+LED | GPIO 26 (PIN 37) | GROUND (PIN 39) | N/A
+
+---

Practical/Water-level.py

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+"""
+THIS CODE HAS BEEN TESTED ON RASPBERRY PI 3B, 4B AND IS FULLY OPERATIONAL.
+
+Problem Statement: Water level
+
+Code from InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems (SPPU - Third Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems
+"""
+
+# BEGINNING OF CODE
+import RPi.GPIO as GPIO         # Import library
+
+# Initalize GPIO
+GPIO.setmode(GPIO.BCM)
+GPIO.setwarnings(False)
+GPIO.setup(16, GPIO.IN)         # Set GPIO 16 as input for water level sensor signal
+GPIO.setup(26, GPIO.OUT)         # Set GPIO 6 as output for LED
+
+try:
+    while True:
+        if (GPIO.input(16))
+            GPIO.output(26, True)    # Turn ON LED if water detected
+        else
+            GPIO.output(26, False)   # Keep LED OFF if no water detected
+except KeyboardInterrupt:
+    GPIO.cleanup()
+    print("Program exited by user.")
+# END OF CODE

README.md

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 # Internet of Things and Embedded Systems (IoT)
 
+This repository is a comprehensive resource for a course on the Internet of Things (IoT) and Embedded Systems, designed to equip learners with essential knowledge and skills. It covers the fundamentals of IoT and Embedded Systems, advances in the field, and methodologies for IoT application development. The materials include insights into IoT protocols, cloud platforms, and security issues, along with real-world application scenarios that highlight the societal and economic impacts of IoT. By exploring case studies and practical examples, this repository aims to help students understand, design, and develop secure IoT systems, enabling them to effectively apply IoT technologies in various contexts.
+
+---
+
+> [!TIP]
+> Want to contribute? Start by [opening an issue](https://git.kska.io/sppu-te-comp-content/InternetOfThingsAndEmbeddedSystems/issues) in this repository!
+
+## Notes
+
+1. [Unit 1 - Introduction to Embedded Systems](Notes/Unit%201%20-%20Introduction%20to%20Embedded%20Systems)
+2. [Unit 2 - Internet of Things-Concepts](Notes/Unit%202%20-%20Internet%20of%20Things-Concepts)
+3. [Unit 3 - IoT Design Methodology](Notes/Unit%203%20-%20IoT%20Design%20Methodology)
+4. [Unit 4 - IoT Protocols](Notes/Unit%204%20-%20IoT%20Protocols)
+5. [Unit 5 - Cloud Platforms for IoT](Notes/Unit%205%20-%20Cloud%20Platforms%20for%20IoT)
+6. [Unit 6 - Security in IoT](Notes/Unit%206%20-%20Security%20in%20IoT)
+
+## Practical
+> These folders contain **handout**, **write-up** and **other content**.
+
+- [Raspberry Pi 2/3/4 GPIO Pinout](Practical/Raspberry%20Pi%20%282+3+4+5%29%20GPIO%20Pinout.png)
+- [Refer this for all connections](Practical/Connections.md)
+
+1. [Assignment-1](Practical/Assignment-1/)
+2. [Assignment-2](Practical/Assignment-2/)
+3. [Assignment-3](Practical/Assignment-3/)
+4. [Assignment-4](Practical/Assignment-4/)
+5. [Assignment-5](Practical/Assignment-5/)
+
+## Question Papers
+- [IN-SEM](Question%20Papers/IN-SEM)
+- [END-SEM](Question%20Papers/END-SEM)
+
+> [END-SEM - Important Content](Question%20Papers/IOT%20-%20END-SEM%20-%20Important%20Content.pdf)
+
+---
+
+## Miscellaneous
+
+**-> Disclaimer:** Please read the [DISCLAIMER](DISCLAIMER.md) file for important information regarding the contents of this repository.
+
+**-> Note:** Content such as codes, softcopies, write-ups, datasheets, pinouts and question papers is provided by us, i.e. our contributors. You are free to use this content however you wish, without any restrictions. Some of the notes and handouts have been provided by our professors, thus to use them for anything other than educational purposes, please contact them.
+
+**-> Maintained by:**
+- [notkshitij](https://git.kska.io/notkshitij)
+
+**->** Repository icon from [Icons8](https://icons8.com/).
+
+**-> Motto:**
+
+![Making information freely accessible to everyone.](motto.jpg)
+
+**-> Keywords:**
+
+SPPU, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune University, Computer Engineering, COMP, Third Year, TE, Semester 5, SEM-5, Elective 1, Internet of Things and Embedded Systems, IoT, Embedded Systems, IoT and ES, IoT notes, IoT practical, IoT codes, practical codes, IoT handouts, IoT write-ups, IoT assignment solutions, IoT PYQs, IoT question papers
+
 ---