Added basic fibonacci code in python (code-a1)

Codes/Code-A1.py

@@ -0,0 +1,50 @@
+# Code-A1 (Fibonacci)
+# Problem Statement: Write a program non-recursive and recursive program to calculate Fibonacci numbers and analyze their time and space complexity.
+
+# Initalize global variables
+iteration_counter = 0
+recursion_counter = 0
+
+# Iteration
+def fibonacci_iteration(n):
+  fib_series = []           # For storing Fibonacci series
+  previous = 0              # Previous
+  current = 1               # Next
+  global iteration_counter  # Global iteration counter
+  iteration_counter = 0     # Initialize global iteration counter to 0
+
+  for i in range(n):
+    fib_series.append(previous)
+    previous, current = current, previous + current
+    iteration_counter += 1
+
+  return fib_series
+
+# Recursion
+def fibonacci_recursion(n):
+  global recursion_counter # Global recursion counter
+  recursion_counter += 1   # Increment recursion counter for each call
+
+  if (n <= 0):    # Handle n less than or equal to 0
+    return 0
+  elif (n <= 1):  # Handle n less than or equal to 1
+    return n
+  else:           # Recursive call
+    return fibonacci_recursion(n - 1) + fibonacci_recursion(n - 2)
+
+n = int(input("Enter total numbers to print in fibonacci series:\t"))
+
+# Fibonacci using iteration
+fib_series = fibonacci_iteration(n)
+print(f"Fibonacci using iteration:\t{fib_series}")
+print(f"Iteration counter:\t{iteration_counter}| Time Complexity: O(n) (linear growth)")
+
+print("="*80)
+
+# Fibonacci using recursion
+fib_series = []
+for i in range(n):
+  fib_series.append(fibonacci_recursion(i))
+print(f"Fibonacci using recursion:\t{fib_series}")
+print(f"Recursion counter:\t{recursion_counter} | Time Complexity: O(2^n) (exponential growth)")
+