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Added unchecked assignment, untested codes, README & old git commit file.

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K 2024-06-10 11:35:19 +05:30
parent 757d1dc81c
commit b81b0e30c1
Signed by: notkshitij
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Assignments/Assignment-01.old.pdf Normal file
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Codes/Practical-5.asm Normal file
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; THIS CODE HAS NOT BEEN TESTED AND IS NOT FULLY OPERATIONAL.
; Problem Statement: Write X86/64 ALP to perform multiplication of two 8-bit hexadecimal numbers. Using successive addition and add-and-shift methods. (Use of 64-bit registers is expected).
; Code from Microprocessor (SPPU - Second Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-se-comp-content/Microprocessor/
;------------------------------
%macro print 2
mov rax,1
mov rdi,1
mov rsi,%1
mov rdx,%2
syscall
%endmacro
%macro accept 2
mov rax,0
mov rdi,0
mov rsi,%1
mov rdx,%2
syscall
%endmacro
%macro dispmsg 2 ;macro for display
mov rax,1 ;standard ouput
mov rdi,1 ;system for write
mov rsi,%1 ;display message address
mov rdx,%2 ;display message length
syscall ;interrupt for 64-bit
%endmacro
%macro exitprog 0 ;macro for exit
mov rax,60 ;system for exit
mov rdx,0
syscall ;interrupt for 64-bit
%endmacro
%macro gtch 1 ;macro for accept
mov rax,0 ;standard input
mov rdi,0 ;system for read
mov rsi,%1 ;input the message
mov rdx,1 ;message length
syscall ;interrupt for 64-bit
%endmacro
section .data
nwline db 10
m0 db 10,10,"Program to multiply two numbers using successive addition and add-and-shift method"
l0 equ $-m0
m1 db 10,"1. Successive Addition Method",10,"2. Add-and-Shift Method",10,"3. Exit",10,10, "Choose an option (1/2/3 <ENTER>): "
l1 equ $-m1
m2 db 10,"Enter the multiplicand (2 digit HEX no): "
l2 equ $-m2
m3 db 10,"Enter the multiplier (2 digit HEX no): "
l3 equ $-m3
m4 db 10,"Multiplication using Successive Addition Method: "
l4 equ $-m4
m5 db 10,"Multiplication using Add-and-Shift Method: "
l5 equ $-m5
section .bss
mcand resq 1 ;reserve 1 quad for multiplicand
mplier resq 1 ;reserve 1 quad for multiplier
input resb 1 ;reserve 1 byte for input
output resb 1 ;reserve 1 byte for output
choice resb 1 ;reserve 1 byte for choice
section .text
global _start ;starting of main program
_start :
dispmsg m0,l0 ;displaying the menu
back:
dispmsg m1,l1 ;displaying the first message
gtch input ;to read and discard ENTER key pressed.
mov al, byte[input] ;get choice
mov byte[choice],al
gtch input ;to read and discard ENTER key pressed.
mov al, byte[choice]
cmp al, '1' ;compare contents of al with 1
je succ_add ;if equal the jump to succ_add procedure
cmp al, '2' ;compare the contents of al with 2
je add_shift ;if equal then jump to add_shift procedure
cmp al, '3' ;compare the contents of al with 3
jnz back ;if not zero then jump to back
exitprog ;exit program
;-------- SUCCESSIVE ADDITION METHOD ---------
succ_add: ;successive addition procedure
dispmsg m2,l2 ;Displaying the second message
call getnum ;call getnum procedure
mov [mcand],rax ;mov contents of rax(multiplicand) into mcand buffer
gtch input ;to read and discard ENTER key pressed
dispmsg m3,l3 ;Displaying the third message
call getnum ;call getnum procedure
mov [mplier],rax ;mov contents of rax(multiplier) into mplier buffer
gtch input ;to read and discard ENTER key pressed
mov rax,0 ;clearing the rax register
dispmsg m4,l4 ;displaying the fourth message
call succ_addition ;call the successive addition method
jmp back ;jump to back
;-------- ADD AND SHIFT METHOD ---------
add_shift: ;add and shift procedure
dispmsg m2,l2 ;Displaying the second message
call getnum ;call getnum procedure
mov [mcand],rax ;mov contents of rax(multiplicand) into mcand buffer
gtch input ;to read and discard ENTER key pressed
dispmsg m3,l3 ;Displaying the third message
call getnum ;call getnum procedure
mov [mplier],rax ;mov contents of rax(multiplier) into mplier buffer
gtch input ;to read and discard ENTER key pressed
mov rax,0 ;clearing the rax register
dispmsg m5,l5 ;displaying the fifth message
call add_and_shift ;call the add-and-shift method
jmp back ;jump to back
getnum: ;procedure to get a 2 digit hex no from user
; number returned in rax
mov cx,0204h ;02 digits to display and 04 count to rotate
mov rbx,0 ;clearing rbx register
ll2: ;loop 2
push rcx ;syscall destroys rcx.Rest all regs are preserved
gtch input ;to read and discard ENTER key pressed
pop rcx ;pop the contents of rcx
mov rax,0 ;clearing the contents of rax
mov al,byte[input] ;get choice
sub rax,30h ;subtract 30h from contents of rax
cmp rax,09h ;compare the contents of rax register with 09h
jbe skip1 ;if equal then jump below to skip1 label
sub rax,7 ;subtract 7 from contents of rax register
skip1: ;skip1 label
shl rbx,cl ;shift multiplicand and count to the left
add rbx,rax ;add contents of rax register to the contents of rbx register
dec ch ;decrement the contents of ch register
jnz ll2 ;if not zero then jump to loop 2
mov rax,rbx ;mov contents of rbx register into rax register
ret ;return
succ_addition: ;procedure for successive addition
mov rax,0 ;clearing rax register
mov rcx,8 ;taking count of 8 in rcx register
mov dl,[mplier] ;multiplier is 8 bits so it occupies dl
mov bl,[mcand] ;multiplicand is 8 bits so it occupies bl
;we will put Q in higher 8 bits of ax (i.e. ah)
;and multiplier in lower 8 bits of ax (i.e. al)
mov ah,0 ;clearing ah register
mov al,dl ;ah already 0 and al now contains multiplier
ll3: ;loop 3 (s3)
mov dh,al ;mov contents of al into dh as dh is used as temporary
and dh,1 ;check d0 bit of multiplier
jz ll8 ;if d0 bit was zero, Z flag will be set (s2)(if zero jmp to loop 8)
add ah, bl ;d0 bit of multiplier is set
;so add multiplicand to Q(add bl into ah)
ll8: ;loop 8 (s2)
shr ax,1 ;shift both Q (ah) and multiplier (al) right 1 bit
dec rcx ;decrement contents of rcx
jnz ll3 ;if not zero then jump to loop 3 (s3)
call dispnum ;call procedure dispnum
ret ;return
add_and_shift: ;procedure for add-and-shift method
mov rax,0 ;clearing rax register
mov rcx,8 ;taking count of 8 in rcx register
mov dl,[mplier] ;multiplier is 8 bits so it occupies dl
mov bl,[mcand] ;multiplicand is 8 bits so it occupies bl
;we will put Q in higher 8 bits of ax (i.e. ah)
;and multiplier in lower 8 bits of ax (i.e. al)
mov ah,0 ;clearing ah register
mov al,dl ;ah already 0 and al now contains multiplier
ll3_shift: ;loop 3 (s3) for add-and-shift
mov dh,al ;mov contents of al into dh as dh is used as temporary
and dh,1 ;check d0 bit of multiplier
jz ll8_shift ;if d0 bit was zero, Z flag will be set (s2)(if zero jmp to loop 8)
add ah, bl ;d0 bit of multiplier is set
;so add multiplicand to Q(add bl into ah)
ll8_shift: ;loop 8 (s2) for add-and-shift
shl ax,1 ;shift both Q (ah) and multiplier (al) left 1 bit
dec rcx ;decrement contents of rcx
jnz ll3_shift ;if not zero then jump to loop 3 (s3) for add-and-shift
call dispnum ;call procedure dispnum
ret ;return
dispnum: ;procedure to display the result
mov rbx,rax ;move contents of rax register into rbx register
mov rcx,1004h ;16 digits to display and 04 count to rotate
ll6: ;loop 6
rol rbx,cl ;rotate multiplicand and count to the left
mov rdx,rbx ;mov contents of rbx register into rdx register
and rdx,0fh ;anding contents of rdx register with 0fh
add rdx,30h ;adding contents of rdx register with 30h
cmp rdx,039h ;comparing the contents of rdx register with 39h
jbe skip4 ;if equal then jump below to skip4 label
add rdx,7 ;add 7 to the contents of rdx register
skip4: ;skip4 label
mov byte[output],dl ;mov contents of dl register into output buffer in bytes
push rcx ;push the contents of rcx register
dispmsg output,1 ;displaying the output
pop rcx ;pop the contents of rcx
dec ch ;decrement the count(contents of ch)
jnz ll6 ;if not zero the jump to loop 6
ret ;return

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Codes/Practical-6.asm Normal file
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; THIS CODE HAS NOT BEEN TESTED AND IS NOT FULLY OPERATIONAL.
; Problem Statement: Write X86/64 ALP to convert 4-digit Hex number into its equivalent BCD number and 5-digit BCD number into its equivalent HEX number.
; Make your program user friendly to accept the choice from user for: (a) HEX to BCD b) BCD to HEX (c) EXIT.
; Display proper strings to prompt the user while accepting the input and displaying the result. (wherever necessary, use 64-bit registers.)
; Code from Microprocessor (SPPU - Second Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-se-comp-content/Microprocessor/
; BEGINNING OF CODE
%macro print 2
mov rax,1
mov rdi,1
mov rsi,%1
mov rdx,%2
syscall
%endmacro
%macro accept 2
mov rax,0
mov rdi,0
mov rsi,%1
mov rdx,%2
syscall
%endmacro
section .data
title db 10,"An ALP to convert BCD to HEX and vise-versa.",10
title_len equ $-title
menu db 10,"------ Select an option ------",10,"1 -> HEX to BCD",10,"2 -> BCD to HEX",10,"3 -> Exit",10
menu_len equ $-menu
hex_in db 10,"Enter your 4 digit HEX number: ",10
hex_inlen equ $-hex_in
bcd_out db 10,"The equivalent BCD number is: ",10
bcd_out_len equ $-bcd_out
bcd_in db 10,"Enter your BCD number: ",10
bcd_inlen equ $-bcd_in
hex_out db 10,"The equivalent HEX number is: ",10
hex_out_len equ $-hex_out
section .bss
numascii resb 6 ;for input
opbuff resb 5 ;to
dnumbuff resb 08
section .txt
global _start:
_start:
print title,title_len
print menu,menu_len
accept numascii,2 ;input user choice using accept macro(2 bytes-1 for choice and 1 for enter)
cmp byte[numascii],'1' ;ascii of 1 is 31
jne case2
call hextobcd
case2:
cmp byte[numascii],'2'
jne case3
call bcdtohex
case3:
cmp byte[numascii],'3'
je exit
exit:
mov rax,60
mov rdx,0
syscall
hextobcd:
print hex_in,hex_inlen
accept numascii,5
call packnum
mov rcx,0
mov ax,bx
mov bx,0Ah
h2bup1:
mov rax, 0 ; Clear rax before each division
div bx
push rdx
inc rcx
cmp ax,0
jne h2bup1
h2bup2:
pop rdx
add dl,30h
mov [rdi],dl
inc rdi
dec rcx
jnz h2bup2
packnum:
mov bx,0
mov rcx,4
mov rsi,numascii
up1:
rol bx,04
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,39h
jbe skip1
sub al,07h
skip1:
sub al,30h
add bl,al
inc rsi
loop up1
ret
bcdtohex:
print bcd_in,bcd_inlen
accept numascii ,6
print hex_out,hex_out_len
mov rcx,05
mov rsi,numascii
mov rax,0
mov rbx,0Ah
again1:
mov rdx,0
mul rbx
mov dl,[rsi]
sub dl,30h
add rax,rdx
inc rsi
loop again1
mov rbx,rax
call dispnum_32
ret
dispnum_32:
mov rdi,dnumbuff
mov rcx,16
up2:
rol rbx,04
mov dl,bl
and dl,0Fh
add dl,30h
cmp dl,39h
jbe dskip1
add dl,07h
dskip1:
mov [rdi],dl
inc rdi
loop up2
print dnumbuff,16
ret
; END OF CODE

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; THIS CODE HAS NOT BEEN TESTED AND IS NOT FULLY OPERATIONAL.
; Problem Statement: Write X86 Assembly Language Program (ALP) to implement following OS commands: i. TYPE, ii. COPY and iii. DELETE
; Using file operations. User is supposed to provide command line arguments in all cases.
; Code from Microprocessor (SPPU - Second Year - Computer Engineering - Content) repository on KSKA Git: https://git.kska.io/sppu-se-comp-content/Microprocessor/
; BEGINNING OF CODE
%macro cmn 4 ;input/output
mov rax,%1
mov rdi,%2
mov rsi,%3
mov rdx,%4
syscall
%endmacro
%macro exit 0
mov rax,60
mov rdi,0
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fopen 1
mov rax,2 ;open
mov rdi,%1 ;filename
mov rsi,2 ;mode RW
mov rdx,0777o ;file permissions
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fread 3
mov rax,0 ;read
mov rdi,%1 ;filehandle
mov rsi,%2 ;buf
mov rdx,%3 ;buf_len
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fwrite 3
mov rax,1 ;write/print
mov rdi,%1 ;filehandle
mov rsi,%2 ;buf
mov rdx,%3 ;buf_len
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fclose 1
mov rax,3 ;close
mov rdi,%1 ;file handle
syscall
%endmacro
section .data
menu db 'MENU:',0Ah
db "1 -> TYPE",0Ah
db "2 -> COPY",0Ah
db "3 -> DELETE",0Ah
db "4 -> EXIT",0Ah
db "Choose an option (1-4): "
menulen equ $-menu
msg db "Command: "
msglen equ $-msg
cpysc db "Successfully copied the file.",0Ah
cpysclen equ $-cpysc
delsc db "File deletion successful.",0Ah
delsclen equ $-delsc
err db "Error!",0Ah
errlen equ $-err
cpywr db "Command does not exist.",0Ah
cpywrlen equ $-cpywr
err_par db "Insufficient parameter.",0Ah
err_parlen equ $-err_par
section .bss
choice resb 2
buffer resb 50
name1 resb 15
name2 resb 15
cmdlen resb 1
filehandle1 resq 1
filehandle2 resq 1
abuf_len resq 1 ;actual buffer length
dispnum resb 2
buf resb 4096
buf_len equ $-buf ;buffer initial length
section .txt
global _start
_start:
again: cmn 1,1,menu,menulen
cmn 0,0,choice,2
mov al,byte[choice]
cmp al,31h
jbe op1
cmp al,32h
jbe op2
cmp al,33h
jbe op3
exit
ret
op1:
call tproc
jmp again
op2:
call cpproc
jmp again
op3:
call delproc
jmp again
;type command procedure
tproc:
cmn 1,1,msg,msglen
cmn 0,0,buffer,50
mov byte[cmdlen],al
dec byte[cmdlen]
mov rsi,buffer
mov al,[rsi] ;search for correct type command
cmp al,'t'
jne skipt
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jz skipt
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,'y'
jne skipt
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jz skipt
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,'p'
jne skipt
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jz skipt
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,'e'
jne skipt
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jnz correctt
cmn 1,1,err_par,err_parlen
call exit
skipt: cmn 1,1,cpywr,cpywrlen
exit
correctt:
mov rdi,name1 ;finding file name
call find_name
fopen name1 ;on success returns handle
cmp rax,-1H ;on failure returns -1
jle error
mov [filehandle1],rax
xor rax,rax
fread [filehandle1],buf,buf_len
mov [abuf_len],rax
dec byte[abuf_len]
cmn 1,1,buf,abuf_len ;printing file content on screen
ret
;copy command procedure
cpproc:
cmn 1,1,msg,msglen
cmn 0,0,buffer,50 ;accept command
mov byte[cmdlen],al
dec byte[cmdlen]
mov rsi,buffer
mov al,[rsi] ;search for copy
cmp al,'c'
jne skip
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jz skip
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,'o'
jne skip
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jz skip
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,'p'
jne skip
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jz skip
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,'y'
jne skip
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jnz correct
cmn 1,1,err_par,err_parlen
exit
skip: cmn 1,1,cpywr,cpywrlen
exit
correct:
mov rdi,name1 ;finding first file name
call find_name
mov rdi,name2 ;finding second file name
call find_name
skip3: fopen name1 ;on success returns handle
cmp rax,-1H ;on failure returns -1
jle error
mov [filehandle1],rax
fopen name2 ;on success returns handle
cmp rax,-1H ;on failure returns -1
jle error
mov [filehandle2],rax
xor rax,rax
fread [filehandle1],buf,buf_len
mov [abuf_len],rax
dec byte[abuf_len]
fwrite [filehandle2],buf,[abuf_len] ;write to file
fclose [filehandle1]
fclose [filehandle2]
cmn 1,1,cpysc,cpysclen
jmp again
error:
cmn 1,1,err,errlen
exit
ret
;delete command procedure
delproc:
cmn 1,1,msg,msglen
cmn 0,0,buffer,50 ;accept command
mov byte[cmdlen],al
dec byte[cmdlen]
mov rsi,buffer
mov al,[rsi] ;search for copy
cmp al,'d'
jne skipr
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jz skipr
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,'e'
jne skipr
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jz skipr
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,'l'
jne skipr
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
jnz correctr
cmn 1,1,err_par,err_parlen
exit
skipr: cmn 1,1,cpywr,cpywrlen
exit
correctr:
mov rdi,name1 ;finding first file name
call find_name
mov rax,87 ;unlink system call
mov rdi,name1
syscall
cmp rax,-1H ;on failure returns -1
jle errord
cmn 1,1,delsc,delsclen
jmp again
errord:
cmn 1,1,err,errlen
exit
ret
find_name: ;finding file name from command
inc rsi
dec byte[cmdlen]
cont1: mov al,[rsi]
mov [rdi],al
inc rdi
inc rsi
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,20h ;searching for space
je skip2
cmp al,0Ah ;searching for enter key
je skip2
dec byte[cmdlen]
jnz cont1
cmn 1,1,err,errlen
exit
skip2:
ret
; END OF CODE

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Codes/org-pen/Practical-8/FN Normal file
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Codes/org-pen/Practical-8/fle.txt Normal file
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"Welcome!!!"

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Codes/org-pen/Practical-8/macro.asm Normal file
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;macros as per 64 bit conventions
%macro read 2
mov rax,0 ;read
mov rdi,0 ;stdin/keyboard
mov rsi,%1 ;buf
mov rdx,%2 ;buf_len
syscall
%endmacro
%macro print 2
mov rax,1 ;print
mov rdi,1 ;stdout/screen
mov rsi,%1 ;msg
mov rdx,%2 ;msg_len
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fopen 1
mov rax,2 ;open
mov rdi,%1 ;filename
mov rsi,2 ;mode RW
mov rdx,0777o ;File permissions
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fread 3
mov rax,0 ;read
mov rdi,%1 ;filehandle
mov rsi,%2 ;buf
mov rdx,%3 ;buf_len
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fwrite 3
mov rax,1 ;write/print
mov rdi,%1 ;filehandle
mov rsi,%2 ;buf
mov rdx,%3 ;buf_len
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fclose 1
mov rax,3 ;close
mov rdi,%1 ;file handle
syscall
%endmacro
%macro exit 0
print nline,nline_len
mov rax,60 ;exit
mov rdi,0
syscall
%endmacro

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;NAME:- Chinmay M. Mule
;CLASS:-SE COMP II SHIFT
;ROLLNO:-34 PRN:-S18111044
;Assignment no. :5
;Assignment Name :X86/64 Assembly language program (ALP) to find
; a) Number of Blank spaces
; b) Number of lines
; c) Occurrence of a particular character.
;Accept the data from the text file. The text file has to be accessed during Program_1 execution.
;Write FAR PROCEDURES in Program_2 for the rest of the processing.
;Use of PUBLIC/GLOBAL and EXTERN directives is mandatory.
;------------------------------------------------------------------------
extern far_proc ; [ FAR PROCRDURE
; USING EXTERN DIRECTIVE ]
global filehandle, char, buf, abuf_len
%include "macro.asm"
;------------------------------------------------------------------------
section .data
nline db 10
nline_len equ $-nline
ano db 10,10,10,10,"ML assignment 05 :- String Operation using Far Procedure"
db 10,"---------------------------------------------------",10
ano_len equ $-ano
filemsg db 10,"Enter filename for string operation : "
filemsg_len equ $-filemsg
charmsg db 10,"Enter character to search : "
charmsg_len equ $-charmsg
errmsg db 10,"ERROR in opening File...",10
errmsg_len equ $-errmsg
exitmsg db 10,10,"Exit from program...",10,10
exitmsg_len equ $-exitmsg
;---------------------------------------------------------------------------
section .bss
buf resb 4096
buf_len equ $-buf ; buffer initial length
filename resb 50
char resb 2
filehandle resq 1
abuf_len resq 1 ; actual buffer length
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------
section .text
global _start
_start:
print ano,ano_len ;assignment no.
print filemsg,filemsg_len
read filename,50
dec rax
mov byte[filename + rax],0 ; blank char/null char
print charmsg,charmsg_len
read char,2
fopen filename ; on succes returns handle
cmp rax,-1H ; on failure returns -1
jle Error
mov [filehandle],rax
fread [filehandle],buf, buf_len
mov [abuf_len],rax
call far_proc
jmp Exit
Error: print errmsg, errmsg_len
Exit: print exitmsg,exitmsg_len
exit
;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
; OUTPUT:-
;chinmay@ubuntu:~Desktop/Assignment5$ nasm -f elf64 program1.asm
;chinmay@ubuntu:~Desktop/Assignment5$ nasm -f elf64 program2.asm
;chinmay@ubuntu:~Desktop/Assignment5$ ld -o FN program1.o program2.o
;chinmay@ubuntu:~Desktop/Assignment5$ ./FN
; ML assignment 05 :- String Operation using Far Procedure
;---------------------------------------------------
;Enter filename for string operation : fle.txt
;Enter character to search : e
;No. of spaces are : 0000
;No. of lines are : 0002
;No. of character occurances are : 0002
;Exit from program...

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;---------------------------------------------------------------------
section .data
nline db 10,10
nline_len: equ $-nline
smsg db 10,"No. of spaces are : "
smsg_len: equ $-smsg
nmsg db 10,"No. of lines are : "
nmsg_len: equ $-nmsg
cmsg db 10,"No. of character occurances are : "
cmsg_len: equ $-cmsg
;---------------------------------------------------------------------
section .bss
scount resq 1
ncount resq 1
ccount resq 1
char_ans resb 16
;---------------------------------------------------------------------
global far_proc
extern filehandle, char, buf, abuf_len
%include "macro.asm"
;---------------------------------------------------------------------
section .text
global _main
_main:
far_proc: ;FAR Procedure
xor rax,rax
xor rbx,rbx
xor rcx,rcx
xor rsi,rsi
mov bl,[char]
mov rsi,buf
mov rcx,[abuf_len]
again: mov al,[rsi]
case_s: cmp al,20h ;space : 32 (20H)
jne case_n
inc qword[scount]
jmp next
case_n: cmp al,0Ah ;newline : 10(0AH)
jne case_c
inc qword[ncount]
jmp next
case_c: cmp al,bl ;character
jne next
inc qword[ccount]
next: inc rsi
dec rcx ;
jnz again ;loop again
print smsg,smsg_len
mov rax,[scount]
call display
print nmsg,nmsg_len
mov rax,[ncount]
call display
print cmsg,cmsg_len
mov rax,[ccount]
call display
fclose [filehandle]
ret
;------------------------------------------------------------------
display:
mov rsi,char_ans+3 ; load last byte address of char_ans in rsi
mov rcx,4 ; number of digits
cnt:mov rdx,0 ; make rdx=0 (as in div instruction rdx:rax/rbx)
mov rbx,10 ; divisor=10 for decimal and 16 for hex
div rbx
; cmp dl, 09h ; check for remainder in RDX
; jbe add30
; add dl, 07h
;add30:
add dl,30h ; calculate ASCII code
mov [rsi],dl ; store it in buffer
dec rsi ; point to one byte back
dec rcx ; decrement count
jnz cnt ; if not zero repeat
print char_ans,4 ; display result on screen
ret
;----------------------------------------------------------------

BIN
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;NAME:- Chinmay M. Mule
;CLASS:-SE COMP II SHIFT
;ROLLNO:-34 PRN:-S18111044
; Assignment Name:- Write X86 program to sort the list of integers in
; ascending order.
; Read the input from the text file and write the sorted
; data back to the same text file using bubble sort.
%include "macro.asm"
section .data
nline db 10
nline_len equ $-nline
ano db 10,10,10,10,"MPL assignment 07-Bubble sort using file operations"
db 10,"........................................",10
ano_len equ $-ano
filemsg db 10,"Enter filename of input data:"
filemsg_len equ $-filemsg
omsg db 10,"Sorting using bubble sort operation successful."
db 10,"Output stored in same file.....",10,10
omsg_len equ $-omsg
errmsg db 10,"ERROR in opening/reading/writing file..",10
errmsg_len equ $-errmsg
exitmsg db 10,10,"Exit from program....",10,10
exitmsg_len equ $-exitmsg
section .bss
buf resb 1024
buf_len equ $-buf ;buffer length
filename resb 50
filehandle resq 1
abuf_len resq 1 ;actual buffer length
array resb 10
n resq 1 ;passes
section .text
global _start
_start:
print ano,ano_len
print filemsg,filemsg_len
read filename,50
dec rax
mov byte[filename+rax],0 ; blank char/null char
fopen filename ;on success returns handle
cmp rax,-1H
je Error
mov[filehandle],rax
fread[filehandle],buf,buf_len
dec rax
mov [abuf_len],rax
call bsort
jmp Exit
Error:print errmsg,errmsg_len
Exit:print exitmsg,exitmsg_len
exit
;........................................................................
bsort: ;Bubble sort procedure
call buf_array
xor rax,rax
mov rbp,[n]
dec rbp
xor rcx,rcx
xor rdx,rdx
xor rsi,rsi
xor rdi,rdi
mov rcx,0 ;i=0
oloop:mov rbx,0 ;j=0
mov rsi,array ;a[j]
iloop:mov rdi,rsi ;a[j+1]
inc rdi
mov al,[rsi]
cmp al,[rdi]
jbe next
mov dl,0
mov dl,[rdi] ;swap
mov [rdi],al
mov [rsi],dl
next:inc rsi
inc rbx ; j++
cmp rbx,rbp
jb iloop
inc rcx
cmp rcx,rbp
jb oloop
fwrite [filehandle],omsg,omsg_len
fwrite [filehandle],array,[n]
fclose [filehandle]
print omsg,omsg_len
print array,[n]
ret
Error1:
print errmsg,errmsg_len
ret
;....................................................
buf_array:
xor rcx,rcx
xor rsi,rsi
xor rdi,rdi
mov rcx,[abuf_len]
mov rsi,buf
mov rdi,array
next_num:
mov al,[rsi]
mov [rdi],al
inc rsi ;number
inc rsi ;newline
inc rdi
inc byte[n] ; counter
dec rcx
dec rcx
jnz next_num
ret
; OUTPUT:-
;chinmay@ubuntu:~Desktop/MPL Programs/Assignment7$ nasm -f elf64 bsort.asm
;chinmay@ubuntu:~Desktop/MPL Programs/Assignment7$ ld -o b bsort.o
;chinmay@ubuntu:~Desktop/MPL Programs/Assignment7$ ./b
;MPL assignment 07-Bubble sort using file operations
;........................................
;Enter filename of input data:fl.txt
;Sorting using bubble sort operation successful.
;Output stored in same file.....
;12467
;Exit from program....

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2
7
4
6
1

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;macro.asm
%macro read 2
mov rax,0 ;read
mov rdi,0
mov rsi,%1
mov rdx,%2
syscall
%endmacro
%macro print 2
mov rax,1
mov rdi,1
mov rsi,%1
mov rdx,%2
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fopen 1
mov rax,2 ;open
mov rdi,%1 ;filename
mov rsi,2 ;mode RW
mov rdx,0777o ;File permissions(Read-4,Write-2,Execute-1)
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fread 3
mov rax,0 ;read
mov rdi,%1 ;filehandle
mov rsi,%2 ;buf
mov rdx,%3 ;buf_len
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fwrite 3
mov rax,0 ;write
mov rdi,%1 ;filehandle
mov rsi,%2 ;buf
mov rdx,%3 ;buf_len
syscall
%endmacro
%macro fclose 1
mov rax,3 ;close
mov rdi,%1;file handle
syscall
%endmacro
%macro exit 0
print nline,nline_len
mov rax,60
mov rdi,0
syscall
%endmacro

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;Y=100-60 cos((pi/180)*x)
;Bit 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0
;Data R R R G G G B B
.387
.model small
.stack 100
.data
msg db 10,13,'this is COS wave$'
one_eighty dw 180
scale dw 30
hundred dw 100
rint dw 0
x dw 0
.code
main:
mov ax,@data ; Initialize DS (needed for .exe-program)
mov ds, ax
mov ax, 0A000h ; Segment to video memory
mov es, ax
mov ax, 13h ;Standard video graphics mode
int 10h ; switch to 320x200 mode
mov cx,0
l1:
push cx ; store CX
call get_cos
mov bx, cx
call vector_to_memory
mov di, ax
mov al, 03h ; color
mov [es:di], al ; put pixel
pop cx ; restore CX
inc cx ; CX = CX + 1
cmp cx, 320 ; right boarder reached?
jne l1 ; no, next degree
mov ah,09h ; display message
lea dx,msg
int 21h
xor ah, ah
int 16h ; keyboard (wait for key)
mov ax, 3
int 10h ; go to text mode
mov ax, 4C00h
int 21h ; return to DOS, exit code 0
get_cos: ; Args: CX = angle (degree!)
mov word[x],cx
fldpi ; ST(0)=Pi, ST(1)=CX
fimul word[x] ; ST(0)=Pi*CX
fidiv word[one_eighty] ; ST(0)=(Pi*CX)/180(degree to rad)
fcos ; ST(0)=sine (rad)
fimul word[scale] ; ST(0)=sine*scale
fild hundred
fsub st,st(1) ;ST(0)=100-60*SIN((Pi*CX)/180)
fist word [rint] ; store integer with rounding
mov ax, word[rint] ; AX = Y
ret ; Return: AX = Y (signed!)
vector_to_memory: ; Calculate offset=Y*320+X
;Args: BX = X, AX = Y
push dx ; mul changes dx too
mov cx, 320 ; video mode width
mul cx ; DX:AX = AX * CX
add ax, bx ; left indentation
pop dx
ret ; Return: AX = offset in memory
end main

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;NAME:- Chinmay M. Mule
;CLASS:-SE COMP II SHIFT
;ROLLNO:-34 PRN:-S18111044
;Assignment Name:-Write 80387 ALP to plot Sine Wave, Cosine Wave. Access
; video memory directly for plotting.
.387
.MODEL SMALL
.DATA
X DW 1
Y DW 0
Xrad DQ ?
D60 DW 60
D100 DW 100
D180 DW 180
PIby180 DQ ?
TAB DB 80H,40H,20H,10H,8H,4,2,1
OFS DW 0
.CODE
START: MOV AX,@DATA
MOV DS,AX
MOV AH,00 ;Set video mode
MOV AL,06 ;Mode 6 i.e. 640 by 200 Graphics
INT 10H
FINIT
FLDPI
FIDIV D180
FSTP PIby180
DRAWSINE:
FILD X ;Load angle
FLD PIby180 ;Convert to radian
FMUL ;i.e. multiply by Pi/180
FST Xrad
FSIN ;Calculate sine
FDIV Xrad
FILD D60 ;Load amplitude
FMUL ;Calculate Amplitude x sin
FILD D100
FSUBR
FISTP Y
CALL OFSCAL
INC X ;Next angle
CMP X,639 ;Last point on X axis
JNE DRAWSINE
EXIT:
MOV AH,0
INT 16H
MOV AH,00 ;Set video mode
MOV AL,02 ;Mode 2 i.e. 80 by 25 text
INT 10H
MOV AH,4CH
INT 21H
OFSCAL PROC NEAR
MOV AX,Y
AND AX,1
JZ L1
MOV OFS,2000H
L1: MOV AX,Y
SHR AX,1
MOV BX,50H
MUL BX
ADD OFS,AX
MOV AX,X
MOV CL,3
SHR AX,CL
ADD OFS,AX
LEA BX,TAB
MOV AX,X
AND AX,07
XLAT
MOV BX,OFS
MOV DX,0B800H
MOV ES,DX
OR ES:[BX],AL
MOV OFS,0
RET
OFSCAL ENDP
END START

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# Microprocessor (MP) - TESTING BRANCH
⚠️⚠️⚠️ This branch contains untested code and other miscellaneous content such as never-to-be-checked assignments. ⚠️⚠️⚠️
---
### Testing codes:
- [6 - hex to bcd](https://git.kska.io/sppu-se-comp-content/Microprocessor/src/branch/testing/Codes/Practical-6.asm)
- [7 - implement os commands](https://git.kska.io/sppu-se-comp-content/Microprocessor/src/branch/testing/Codes/Practical-7.asm)
- [8 - space, lines, occurn](https://git.kska.io/sppu-se-comp-content/Microprocessor/src/branch/testing/Codes/org-pen/Practical-8)
- [9 - bubble sort](https://git.kska.io/sppu-se-comp-content/Microprocessor/src/branch/testing/Codes/org-pen/Practical-9)
### Old assignments
- [Assignment-1.old](https://git.kska.io/sppu-se-comp-content/Microprocessor/src/branch/main/Assignments/Assignment-01.old.pdf)

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commit 630ee1673b42f2e6bf9193e0234a71ee6ccdf614
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Apr 22 14:10:59 2024 +0530
an attempt to merge 5.1 and 5.2. this code is not tested at all.
commit 841d01e4fa8f2cf58c1490fcc412d0767a68c0f0
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Apr 22 14:05:24 2024 +0530
removed 5.1 since it's been merged with main
commit 1128c86d477a797aa335c7153fedcc1433a6ac73
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Apr 22 09:46:27 2024 +0530
fixed Practical 5.1 code and tested. ready to merge.
commit c73f71d92c1c3808697e45f62d5756ce7a585ec0
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sun Apr 21 00:03:54 2024 +0530
tried fixing these codes (5.1, 6, 7). didn't work. still trying.
commit bc9fbdeca0c109e15462e2ceeb1546a7871c454b
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Apr 20 23:57:57 2024 +0530
removed merged code, practical-13
commit a06e20db952d16363108d481ae776e7ae931186c
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Apr 20 23:54:24 2024 +0530
modified and tested practical-13 code. ready to merge
commit 39a770ff82bd19e2d0f9b42b99fff7d613ccf977
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Apr 20 22:47:40 2024 +0530
removed merged code
commit c9e507737e2803be53ffbc7618713ea9758dab64
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Apr 20 22:40:50 2024 +0530
tested and modified practical-12 code. ready to merge.
commit 636c174734d0f5ee04c95bf6b9a08c6a411c5755
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Apr 20 22:32:03 2024 +0530
removed merged codes
commit 33ef4440c5f2019d7cd9fc02d5ef63a258c3a4b2
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Apr 20 22:26:39 2024 +0530
modified and tested practical-11 code. fully functional. ready to merge.
commit 6006c488edc8bb4f677dc4cb54373f7c75715af9
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Apr 20 22:16:31 2024 +0530
added practical 10 code. fully functional and tested. ready to merge with main
commit 35bb0d9b7c54ed193873972cc77f323355d4291b
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Fri Apr 19 12:51:07 2024 +0530
merged 5.2 in main, deleting from testing branch
commit e5057904a7556122d0df4f6ab0f2cfaed3e137a6
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Fri Apr 19 12:41:04 2024 +0530
fixed and tested Practical-5.2 code, ready for merge
commit ef58c662a9eda643570a6658c46516fcbf8451c0
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Wed Apr 17 00:04:04 2024 +0530
updated readme
commit f81c59594f82285612146dad7a8949a30899744a
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Wed Apr 17 00:01:53 2024 +0530
created a testing branch, deleted unnecessary stuff. only kept untested codes and unchecked assignment
commit 27ce9c7f275210a3924e4648715b81c698d3c4b1
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Tue Apr 16 23:43:23 2024 +0530
forgot to add readme file in the last commit lol
commit 1c2829671bc68922052632d72dd615009ade58d4
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Tue Apr 16 23:42:02 2024 +0530
added 3.2 (non-overlapped without string specific instruction block transfer), 4.1 & 4.2 (overlapped block transfer) and updated readme file
commit daa924ef684b1fe62b5946bdb162c125cd24c451
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Tue Apr 16 13:29:20 2024 +0530
Added code for practical 1 and 3.1, plus updated readme
commit 75db27b6a25862d87ef25ee5db1e7759752c6db5
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Tue Apr 16 12:27:17 2024 +0530
fixed link for factorial write-up part 2
commit e152f88e38fcee8e1944fc628e9dd41999d50b77
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Tue Apr 16 12:26:09 2024 +0530
fixed link for factorial write-up
commit 171ffc667122c495dd03f7a36ae648baa153bd2c
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Tue Apr 16 12:24:41 2024 +0530
added write-ups and updated readme file
commit 8bc6f6650279e2a65ecfd1802f9e8eb9cc1bc4fe
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Fri Apr 12 10:26:23 2024 +0530
added u3 notes
commit 6dc72916ba907b0895c6a83be2ccd88d6fe7f557
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sun Mar 10 00:29:23 2024 +0530
fixed link in readme
commit 70587254ab508d88aecff578368424079df38cf2
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sun Mar 10 00:24:59 2024 +0530
added question banks for unit 1 and 2
commit b188e8011d19968210239c7954515a72f7f418fb
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Mar 4 21:26:02 2024 +0530
added code for assignment 8
commit 5d1e57a62decfdf3f6cd6fa0fb2e0dcea00e749d
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Feb 26 09:35:19 2024 +0530
updated README
commit 6501e8a3841cd16ec5f286c93122f7ab6facd628
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Feb 26 09:33:18 2024 +0530
added code for A5
commit 40c23cdfca96fdfcc2bb9295839db096ca7d43b9
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Wed Feb 21 02:25:23 2024 +0530
added unit 2 notes
commit 4a323c06a449c02c15f5b1344b149c08c033950d
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Fri Feb 16 16:51:45 2024 +0530
removed assignment-01
commit 76e6a414b110ddcfdfd024e579582745b291d171
Author: TanmayMachkar <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Feb 10 22:47:37 2024 +0530
readme updated
commit 720b550f5d1b9875a019d3b1d15dc861591534a6
Author: TanmayMachkar <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Feb 10 22:45:23 2024 +0530
unit 1 pdf's added
commit 3d4c0a5ed3264c44456d304b92b11efc87352053
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Feb 10 13:29:40 2024 +0530
Updated readme
commit dd882d8b20798ad7cc653cb442d68dfa97755dbe
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sat Feb 10 13:27:07 2024 +0530
Added assignment 01
commit fc48b3ac0f0a32969b66d416698fc7f8553643db
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Feb 5 00:59:30 2024 +0530
Added links for PYQs
commit bfb19b79d8174387ac467d1f62b00d14f170d26a
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Feb 5 00:57:56 2024 +0530
Added PYQs
commit 8818a373b5fe5a34fa2f818593ad7d197e4732d4
Author: Kshitij <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Sun Feb 4 20:12:23 2024 +0530
Added DISCLAIMER, LICENSE file, updated the README file, moved Unit 1 notes to notes folder
commit a6ed2610f8ac5c96b94389cef6f8a2c2cb0e326a
Author: TanmaySpamzzz <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Jan 29 19:16:05 2024 +0530
Update README.md
commit 275194c744be835c03dc56b4c23e644a9902637c
Author: TanmayMachkar <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Jan 29 19:10:06 2024 +0530
readme updated
commit 2177ad1fffa2ca1eae559ebf5d5e3b17293ca599
Author: TanmayMachkar <REDACTED_EMAIL>
Date: Mon Jan 29 19:09:03 2024 +0530
u1 added